Jolgren D, Fearnot N, Geddes L
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1984 Sep;7(5):794-801. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1984.tb05619.x.
To demonstrate the capabilities of a rate-responsive pacemaker controlled by right ventricular blood temperature, a prototype pacemaker was developed and tested in dogs with complete atrioventricular (AV) block. Using a previously obtained data base of right ventricular blood temperature recorded both during rest and during treadmill exercise from dogs with either induced AV block or normal AV conduction, a control algorithm which identified periods of exercise was developed. This algorithm was implemented in a microprocessor-based, rate-responsive pacemaker which generates two pacing rates: a basal rate (86 bpm) during rest and a higher rate (113 bpm) during moderate exercise. With repeated trials of submaximal treadmill exercise (2.25, 3.0, 5.0 mph, 16% grade) the pacemaker correctly detected the onset and cessation of exercise with latencies ranging from 35 to 124 seconds. Pacemaker rate increase latency decreased as the exercise level was increased. Pacemaker response latency was not affected by the choice of resting or exercise pacing rate. These preliminary data indicate that right ventricular blood temperature can provide a reliable index to control pacemaker rate. An implantable temperature-controlled pacemaker using this algorithm is presently under long-term evaluation in dogs performing untethered exercise.
为了展示由右心室血液温度控制的频率应答型起搏器的性能，研发了一种原型起搏器，并在患有完全性房室传导阻滞的犬类中进行测试。利用先前获得的数据库，该数据库记录了患有诱发性房室传导阻滞或正常房室传导的犬类在休息和跑步机运动期间的右心室血液温度，开发了一种识别运动时段的控制算法。该算法在基于微处理器的频率应答型起搏器中实现，该起搏器产生两种起搏频率：休息时的基础频率（86次/分钟）和适度运动时的较高频率（113次/分钟）。通过对次最大强度跑步机运动（2.25、3.0、5.0英里/小时，16%坡度）的重复试验，起搏器能够正确检测到运动的开始和停止，延迟时间在35至124秒之间。随着运动水平的提高，起搏器频率增加的延迟时间缩短。起搏器的反应延迟不受休息或运动起搏频率选择的影响。这些初步数据表明，右心室血液温度可以提供一个可靠的指标来控制起搏器频率。目前正在对使用该算法的植入式温度控制起搏器进行长期评估，评估对象是进行自由运动的犬类。
