Eliopoulos G M, Moellering R C
Ann Intern Med. 1982 Nov;97(5):755-60. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-97-5-755.
Three new broad-spectrum penicillins--azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin--will soon be available for clinical use. Azlocillin and piperacillin are more active than carbenicillin or ticarcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Piperacillin and mezlocillin demonstrate significant activity against the Enterobacteriaceae, including many strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae against which the older penicillins carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and ampicillin are ineffective. All three new drugs show substantial activity against anaerobes and ampicillin-susceptible gonococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Because these agents are inactivated by various beta-lactamases, most Staphylococcus aureus isolates and a number of gram-negative organisms, including some important nosocomial pathogens, will be resistant to these antibiotics. The new penicillins appear to be relatively safe and have been used successfully to treat patients with various infections; however, comparative trials have not yet established the superiority of these drugs over conventional therapeutic agents.
三种新型广谱青霉素——阿洛西林、美洛西林和哌拉西林——不久将可供临床使用。阿洛西林和哌拉西林对铜绿假单胞菌的活性比羧苄西林或替卡西林更强。哌拉西林和美洛西林对肠杆菌科细菌显示出显著活性，包括许多肺炎克雷伯菌菌株，而较老的青霉素羧苄西林、替卡西林和氨苄西林对这些菌株无效。这三种新药对厌氧菌、对氨苄西林敏感的淋球菌和流感嗜血杆菌均表现出较强活性。由于这些药物会被各种β-内酰胺酶灭活，大多数金黄色葡萄球菌分离株以及一些革兰氏阴性菌，包括一些重要的医院病原体，对这些抗生素将产生耐药性。新型青霉素似乎相对安全，并已成功用于治疗各种感染患者；然而，对比试验尚未证实这些药物优于传统治疗药物。
