Squire L R
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1982 Nov;8(6):560-71. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.8.6.560.
Certain features of abnormal memory, which have figured prominently in theoretical treatments of the amnesic syndrome, were assessed in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, in Case N.A., and in patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy. Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome differed from the other patients by (a) failing to exhibit release from proactive interference, and (b) being disproportionately impaired in the ability to make judgments about the temporal order of recent events. These deficits appear to be related to frontal lobe damage and are superimposed on a more basic memory disorder. Theories of amnesia should be founded on the basic memory disorder and not on deficits such as these, which have no obligatory relationship to amnesia. Dissociations between aspects of memory, revealed by the study of amnesia, can also shed light on the organization of memory in the brain.
在理论上对遗忘综合征进行探讨时显著出现的某些异常记忆特征，在柯萨科夫综合征患者、N.A. 病例以及接受电休克治疗的患者身上进行了评估。柯萨科夫综合征患者与其他患者的不同之处在于：（a）无法表现出从 proactive 干扰中释放出来；（b）在判断近期事件的时间顺序方面能力受损程度不成比例。这些缺陷似乎与额叶损伤有关，并且叠加在一种更基本的记忆障碍之上。遗忘症理论应该基于基本的记忆障碍，而不是基于诸如此类与遗忘症没有必然联系的缺陷。通过对遗忘症的研究揭示的记忆各方面之间的分离，也能够阐明大脑中记忆的组织情况。
