Hagman J D
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1983 Apr;9(2):334-45. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.9.2.334.
Acquisition and retention effects of presentation and test trials on movement distance (Experiment 1) and location (Experiment 2) were examined under three multitrial training methods. Three groups of 15 government employees performed three training trial cycles consisting of six trials each. Training methods emphasized either presentation-trial repetition, test-trial repetition, or presentation- and test-trial alternation within cycles. After training, both short- (3 min.) and long-term (24 hr.) retention scores were recorded. Absolute error revealed that (a) presentation-trial repetition promoted acquisition of both distance and location but resulted in extensive short- and long-term forgetting; (b) test-trial repetition produced error increases within cycles, potentiated presentation-trial effectiveness during acquisition, and enhanced long-term retention of both distance and location; (c) presentation- and test-trial alternation promoted distance and location acquisition and produced distance retention intermediate to that of the other two methods. Experiment 3 provided data to support the interpretation that test-trial retention benefits are a function of movement execution mode.
在三种多轮训练方法下，研究了呈现试验和测试试验对运动距离（实验1）和位置（实验2）的习得和保持效果。三组各15名政府雇员进行了三个训练试验周期，每个周期包含六次试验。训练方法强调在周期内进行呈现试验重复、测试试验重复或呈现试验与测试试验交替。训练后，记录了短期（3分钟）和长期（24小时）的保持分数。绝对误差表明：（a）呈现试验重复促进了距离和位置的习得，但导致了大量的短期和长期遗忘；（b）测试试验重复在周期内导致误差增加，在习得过程中增强了呈现试验的效果，并提高了距离和位置的长期保持；（c）呈现试验与测试试验交替促进了距离和位置的习得，并且产生的距离保持介于其他两种方法之间。实验3提供的数据支持了以下解释，即测试试验的保持优势是运动执行模式的一个函数。
