Todd J T, Mingolla E
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1983 Aug;9(4):583-95. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.9.4.583.
Three experiments examine the perceptual salience of shading information for the visual specification of three-dimensional form. The observers in these experiments were required to estimate the surface curvature and direction of illumination depicted in computer-synthesized images of cylindrical surfaces, both with and without texture. The results indicate that the shininess of a surface enhances the perception of curvature, but has no effect on perceived direction of illumination; and that shading is generally less effective than texture for depicting surfaces in three dimensions. These and other findings are used to evaluate the psychological validity of several mathematical analyses of shading information that have recently been proposed in the literature.
三项实验研究了阴影信息对于三维形状视觉表征的感知显著性。这些实验中的观察者被要求估计圆柱面计算机合成图像中描绘的表面曲率和光照方向，图像既有带纹理的，也有不带纹理的。结果表明，表面的光泽度增强了曲率感知，但对感知的光照方向没有影响；而且在三维空间中描绘表面时，阴影通常不如纹理有效。这些发现以及其他发现被用于评估文献中最近提出的几种阴影信息数学分析的心理有效性。
