Palmgren M S, Lee L S, Delucca A J, Ciegler A
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1983 Jul;44(7):485-8. doi: 10.1080/15298668391405184.
Dust particles arising from disintegration of grain during handling and shipping may be inhaled by exposed barge and elevator workers. Since the normal grain mycoflora usually contain mycotoxin-producing fungi, these toxins could be natural contaminants of grain dust. Known mycoflora of commercial grain include species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium-fungi that may produce ochratoxins, aflatoxins and zearalenone. A procedure was developed to extract simultaneously these toxins from grain dust. Initial extraction with methylene chloride and water was followed by specific cleanup procedures for each toxin and then by thin layer chromatographic quantitation. In 50-g samples the lowest level of detection for zearalenone was 50 ng of zearalenone/g of dust, for ochratoxin, 10 ng/g and for aflatoxin, 5 ng/g. Dust samples were collected at various locations in two grain elevators and their associated transfer facilities in the New Orleans area. Large amounts of dust that had settled upon floors, machinery and ledges were tested, as well as that which had been collected by dust control systems. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone. None of the 15 samples contained any detectable amount of aflatoxins or ochratoxin A, but 10 of the 15 samples contained zearalenone at levels from 25 to 100 ng/g.
在装卸和运输过程中，谷物分解产生的灰尘颗粒可能会被接触到的驳船工人和升降机工人吸入。由于正常的谷物真菌群落通常包含产生霉菌毒素的真菌，这些毒素可能是谷物粉尘的天然污染物。商业谷物中已知的真菌群落包括青霉属、曲霉属和镰刀菌属的真菌，这些真菌可能产生赭曲霉毒素、黄曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮。已开发出一种从谷物粉尘中同时提取这些毒素的方法。先用二氯甲烷和水进行初步提取，然后针对每种毒素进行特定的净化程序，最后进行薄层色谱定量分析。在50克的样品中，玉米赤霉烯酮的最低检测水平为50纳克玉米赤霉烯酮/克粉尘，赭曲霉毒素为10纳克/克，黄曲霉毒素为5纳克/克。在新奥尔良地区的两个谷物升降机及其相关转运设施的不同位置采集了粉尘样本。对沉积在地板、机器和壁架上的大量灰尘以及通过粉尘控制系统收集的灰尘进行了检测。对样品进行了黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮的分析。15个样品中均未检测到任何可检测量的黄曲霉毒素或赭曲霉毒素A，但15个样品中有10个含有玉米赤霉烯酮，含量在25至100纳克/克之间。
