Bullard I D, Dohnal J T
Nurs Clin North Am. 1984 Jun;19(2):309-18.
Exclusion messages, however subtle, are interwoven into the community of the child who is handicapped. The subsystems of family, religion, neighborhood, education, health care, and financial assistance agencies have good intentions but frequently communicate poorly with the child and the parents. What is meant as a help becomes a hindrance for the child who must adapt to a limitation while continuing to move toward self-esteem, self-sufficiency, and skills that will enhance productivity and employability. No one negative message will destroy a handicapped child: it is the "history of learned inferiority" that cripples the child who is handicapped. Only when able-bodied individuals within the subsystems recognize the cumulative effect of these messages will the community be responsive to the real needs of the child who has a handicap. Nurses, schooled in sensitivity for the person, should resolve to be in the vanguard in this movement, becoming ever more sensitive to the needs of the handicapped. Such a giant step will begin a fresh and long-needed approach toward understanding those needs central to the well-being of the child who resides in the community and is also handicapped.
然而，无论多么微妙，排斥信息都交织在残疾儿童所处的社区之中。家庭、宗教、邻里、教育、医疗保健和经济援助机构等子系统本意是好的，但却常常与儿童及其父母沟通不畅。原本旨在提供帮助的事情，对于必须在适应自身局限的同时，继续朝着自尊、自给自足以及提升生产力和就业能力的技能迈进的儿童来说，却成了一种阻碍。没有哪一条负面信息会毁掉一个残疾儿童：正是“习得性自卑的历史”使残疾儿童受到了伤害。只有当子系统中的健全个体认识到这些信息的累积影响时，社区才会对残疾儿童的实际需求做出回应。接受过对人敏感训练的护士，应该决心在这场运动中走在前列，对残疾人的需求变得更加敏感。这样一个巨大的进步将开启一种全新的、长期以来所需要的方式，去理解那些对于身处社区且有残疾的儿童的幸福至关重要的需求。
