Biodynamic model of a parachutist.

A three-dimensional, gross-motion, finite-segment model of a parachutist is presented. The model is a modification of the UCIN Crash Victim Simulation Code. It is designed for study and analysis of the effects of opening shock and wind loading on the dynamics of a parachutist. The model consists of 11 rigid bodies linked together to simulate the human figure of a parachutist. Springs and dampers are used to model the joint forces and moments. The parachute forces are modelled by riser forces applied to the torso of the model. The wind loading is modelled as a profile drag force on each body of the model. The governing dynamical equations of motion for the system are coded into a computer program and they are then integrated numerically. Comparison with experimental data on parachutist head acceleration shows good agreement between model and experiment.