Huston R L, Huston J C, Harlow M W
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1978 Jan;49(1 Pt. 2):205-10.
A three-dimensional, 54-degree-of-freedom computer model of the head/neck system is presented and discussed. The model consists of nine rigid bodies representing the head and vertebrae together with a series of nonlinear springs and dampers modelling the soft tissue. The soft tissue modelling involves the discs, muscles, and ligaments. The discs are modelled as two-parameter viscoelastic solids; the muscles are also modelled as two-parameter viscoelastic solids, but only able to exert force in tension; and the ligaments are modelled as nonlinear elastic bands exerting force only in tension. Equations of motion are written for this model by using Lagrange's form of d'Alembert's principle, a virtual work type principle. Computer algorithms are written to efficiently compute the numerical coefficients of these equations. The equations are integrated numerically for a number of specific cases where experimental data are available. Results show excellent agreement between the model and the experiments.
本文提出并讨论了一种头/颈系统的三维、54自由度计算机模型。该模型由九个代表头部和椎骨的刚体以及一系列模拟软组织的非线性弹簧和阻尼器组成。软组织建模涉及椎间盘、肌肉和韧带。椎间盘被建模为双参数粘弹性固体；肌肉也被建模为双参数粘弹性固体，但只能施加拉力；韧带被建模为仅在拉力作用下发挥作用的非线性弹性带。通过使用拉格朗日形式的达朗贝尔原理（一种虚功类型原理）为该模型编写运动方程。编写了计算机算法以有效地计算这些方程的数值系数。针对一些有实验数据的特定情况，对方程进行了数值积分。结果表明该模型与实验结果高度吻合。
