Frisch G D, Cooper C
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1978 Jan;49(1 Pt. 2):196-204.
Data on the dynamic response of the living human head and neck to -Gx impact acceleration was analyzed. The Calspan 3-D Computer Simulator of a Motor Vehicle Crash Victim was used to provide estimates of the head and neck response to be expected for the very specific deceleration profiles simulated. Two segments connected via a pivot were used to represent the head-neck system. The monitored T1 deceleration profile was used to drive this system and the simulation head-neck response was checked for accuracy in replicating motional characteristics and trends in the response mechanism. Two head pivot locations were considered. The first was the occipital condylar point and the second was a theorized hingepoint in the head which minimized the distance from this point to the T1 anatomical coordinate system over the range of body orientations observed in the photographic data. For the two geometrical representations, a successive approximation technique was employed to analyze the resulting data. This approach initially removed all constraints to head and neck motion, and the resulting simulation results were compared to the human data. Restrictions to head and neck motion were then successively added until an adequate replication of the human data was obtained. This approach made it possible to correlate specific events, such as loading of the head-to-neck dorsiflexion limiting angle, to head deceleration profile characteristics. Results were compared to calculations obtained for eight additional subjects and proved to be in good agreement.
分析了活体人类头部和颈部对 -Gx 冲击加速度的动态响应数据。使用卡尔斯巴恩机动车碰撞受害者三维计算机模拟器，来估计在模拟的非常特定的减速曲线下头部和颈部的响应。通过一个枢轴连接的两个节段被用来代表头颈部系统。监测到的 T1 减速曲线被用来驱动这个系统，并检查模拟的头颈部响应在复制运动特征和响应机制趋势方面的准确性。考虑了两个头部枢轴位置。第一个是枕髁点，第二个是理论上的头部铰链点，该点在摄影数据中观察到的身体方位范围内，使从该点到 T1 解剖坐标系的距离最小化。对于这两种几何表示，采用逐次逼近技术来分析所得数据。这种方法最初去除了对头颈部运动的所有约束，并将所得模拟结果与人体数据进行比较。然后相继添加对头颈部运动的限制，直到获得对人体数据的充分复制。这种方法使得将特定事件，如头颈部背屈极限角度的加载，与头部减速曲线特征相关联成为可能。结果与另外八名受试者的计算结果进行了比较，证明吻合良好。
