Domzał T, Jurasek-Zajkowska D
Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1980 May-Jun;14(3):263-7.
Three types of muscular reaction to pain were distinguished. Type I--a defensive reaction to a noxious stimulus, type II--muscular guarding at the site of pain, type III--suffering expression. The third type includes reaction of facial muscles discernible only at high pain intensity in subjects with hypersensitivity to pain. In a search for this reaction in all pains electromyographic investigations of the mentalis muscle were carried out since their connection with nociceptive stimulation is made use of in the sign of Marinesco-Radovici. In 18 out of 20 patients with sciatic pain spontaneous activity was observed in the mentalis muscle. Intensification of pain caused by nerve stretching (straight-leg-raising test) evoked activity of these muscles in all studied patients and its intensity was higher. The observed reaction may be an objective evidence of suffering.
区分出了对疼痛的三种肌肉反应类型。I型——对有害刺激的防御反应，II型——疼痛部位的肌肉保护性收缩，III型——痛苦表情。第三型包括仅在对疼痛敏感的受试者中，在高疼痛强度时才可辨别的面部肌肉反应。为了在所有疼痛中寻找这种反应，对颏肌进行了肌电图检查，因为在马里内斯科 - 拉多维奇征中利用了它们与伤害性刺激的联系。在20例坐骨神经痛患者中，有18例观察到颏肌有自发活动。神经牵拉（直腿抬高试验）引起的疼痛加剧在所有研究患者中均诱发了这些肌肉的活动，且其强度更高。观察到的这种反应可能是痛苦的客观证据。
