Williams C J, Bolton A, de Pemberton R, Whitehouse J M
Cancer Clin Trials. 1980;3(4):363-7.
The clinical efficacy of antiemetic drugs was tested in cancer patients who were given a placebo and two antiemetic drugs alone and in combination according to random sequences. The method of investigation allowed assessment of the antiemetic effect and side effects of each drug or combination of drugs using a minimum number of patients. The trial design takes into account carry-over effects and biased selection and is potentially useful in the study of drug side effects. Fifteen patients received cyclizine, metoclopramide, cyclizine and metoclopramide, or placebo in a random sequence without evidence that the drugs tested were better than the placebo. A combination of Nabilone and metoclopramide was used in an unrandomized pilot study (prior to the withdrawal of Nabilone from clinical use); these patients recorded better scores for nausea and vomiting and patient acceptability than those in the randomized study. Present antiemetics remain inadequate and although cannabinol derivatives show an improved antiemetic effect, they cause moderate side effects themselves.
在癌症患者中测试了止吐药的临床疗效，这些患者按照随机顺序单独服用安慰剂和两种止吐药以及联合服用这两种止吐药。该研究方法能够使用最少数量的患者评估每种药物或药物组合的止吐效果和副作用。试验设计考虑了残留效应和有偏选择，并且在药物副作用研究中可能有用。15名患者按随机顺序接受了赛克利嗪、甲氧氯普胺、赛克利嗪和甲氧氯普胺联合用药或安慰剂治疗，没有证据表明所测试的药物比安慰剂更好。在一项非随机的初步研究中（在纳比隆退出临床使用之前）使用了纳比隆和甲氧氯普胺的组合；这些患者在恶心和呕吐以及患者可接受性方面的得分比随机研究中的患者更高。目前的止吐药仍然不足，尽管大麻酚衍生物显示出改善的止吐效果，但它们本身也会引起中度副作用。
