Millar S
Br J Psychol. 1978 Feb;69(1):17-24. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1978.tb01628.x.
The study tested the hypothesis that grouping has adverse effects on the recall of tactual shapes but facilitates the recall of tactual letters on the assumption that this depends on different processes. A further question was the relation of grouping to letter recall span (set-size). Tactually probed recall of tactually presented serial nonsense and letter shapes by blind children was tested under grouped and ungrouped conditions. Results showed a highly significant interaction between list type and grouping, and a (smaller) higher order interaction between set size list type and grouping, in the predicted directions. Grouping had adverse effects on nonsense shape recall. Letter recall was better and was facilitated by grouping, except by subjects with poor letter recall spans who were also slow at letter naming. Mental and chronological age were associated with higher scores, but unlike set size, did not relate differentially to letter grouping. It was argued that the form of coding is a factor in determining the nature of processing and in recall efficiency.
分组对触觉形状的回忆有不利影响，但假设这取决于不同的过程，分组会促进触觉字母的回忆。另一个问题是分组与字母回忆广度（集合大小）的关系。在分组和未分组条件下，测试了盲童对触觉呈现的系列无意义形状和字母形状的触觉探测回忆。结果显示，列表类型和分组之间存在高度显著的交互作用，集合大小、列表类型和分组之间存在（较小的）高阶交互作用，且方向符合预测。分组对无意义形状的回忆有不利影响。字母回忆较好，且分组对其有促进作用，但字母回忆广度较差且字母命名较慢的受试者除外。心理年龄和实际年龄与较高的分数相关，但与集合大小不同，它们与字母分组没有差异关系。有人认为，编码形式是决定加工性质和回忆效率的一个因素。
