Human papillomaviruses have not been propagated in tissue culture, so they cannot be studied by the procedures of classical virology. Recently, DNA hydridization techniques and restriction enzyme analysis have revealed that multiple strains of human papillomaviruses exist. It is now accepted that genital warts are a sexually transmitted disease; other routes of infection are possible, but unusual. An association between maternal warts during pregnancy and the development of vulval warts and laryngeal papillomatosis in infants and young children has been shown. The epidemiology of anal warts in homosexual men is not well understood. The flat condyloma, visible on colposcopy, is a human papillomavirus-containing lesion with a wart-like histology. It is a common condition which in the past may have been mistaken for dysplasia. Flat condylomas may regress spontaneously, or develop into condylomata acuminata. A link between these lesions and some cases of cervical carcinoma has been suggested.
人乳头瘤病毒尚未在组织培养中繁殖,因此无法通过经典病毒学方法进行研究。最近,DNA杂交技术和限制性内切酶分析表明存在多种人乳头瘤病毒株。现在人们公认尖锐湿疣是一种性传播疾病;其他感染途径也是可能的,但并不常见。已证实孕妇的疣与婴幼儿外阴疣和喉乳头瘤病的发生之间存在关联。同性恋男性肛门疣的流行病学情况尚不清楚。阴道镜检查可见的扁平湿疣是一种具有疣状组织学特征、含有人乳头瘤病毒的病变。这是一种常见病症,过去可能被误诊为发育异常。扁平湿疣可能会自行消退,或发展为尖锐湿疣。有人提出这些病变与某些宫颈癌病例之间存在联系。