Egbuonu L
Pediatrics. 1982 May;69(5):550-7.
Available evidence regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status and health in childhood has been summarized. Only studies that used income, education, or occupation as measures of socioeconomic status and provided data obtained subsequent to legislation facilitating access to care have been cited. Data are presented on the prevalence and severity of illness (mortality, acute conditions as a group, chronic conditions as a group, and hospitalization), sequelae of prematurity, and specific common health problems and their sequelae. These specific health problems are lead poisoning, vision problems, otitis media and hearing loss, cytomegalic inclusion disease, asthma, psychosocial and psychosomatic problems, and iron deficiency anemia. All of the above (with the possible exception of asthma) are more prevalent among poor children than among nonpoor children. Even more striking is the evidence for consistently greater severity of problems or likelihood of sequelae among poor children. Although causality cannot be inferred from these data, the findings suggest a need for more basic research on the social correlates of disease, on the effect of social progress on disease prevalence and severity, and on the effect of medical care in overcoming the disadvantage associated with low socioeconomic status.
关于儿童社会经济地位与健康之间关系的现有证据已被总结。仅引用了那些将收入、教育或职业用作社会经济地位衡量指标，并提供了在立法便利获得医疗服务之后所获取数据的研究。数据呈现了疾病的患病率和严重程度（死亡率、作为一个整体的急性疾病、作为一个整体的慢性疾病以及住院情况）、早产后遗症、特定常见健康问题及其后遗症。这些特定的健康问题包括铅中毒、视力问题、中耳炎和听力损失、巨细胞包涵体病、哮喘、心理社会和身心问题以及缺铁性贫血。上述所有问题（哮喘可能除外）在贫困儿童中比在非贫困儿童中更为普遍。更引人注目的是，有证据表明贫困儿童中问题的严重程度始终更高或出现后遗症的可能性更大。尽管无法从这些数据中推断因果关系，但研究结果表明需要对疾病的社会关联因素、社会进步对疾病患病率和严重程度的影响以及医疗保健在克服与低社会经济地位相关的劣势方面的作用进行更多基础研究。
