Treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonia with high-dose acyclovir.

Cytomegalovirus pneumonia is a serious complication of marrow transplantation, with a 90 percent fatality rate. Acyclovir, a new antiviral agent with variable in vitro activity against cytomegalovirus, was administered to eight marrow transplant patients with biopsy-proven cytomegalovirus pneumonia; one patient survived. Doses were between 400 and 1200 mg/m2 and peak plasma levels between 47 and 316 microM were attained. Possible marrow toxicity occurred in three patients, and mild neurotoxicity occurred in one. High-dose acyclovir had mild toxicity but was not effective as treatment for cytomegalovirus pneumonia after marrow transplantation.