Kandel E R, Schwartz J H
Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):433-43. doi: 10.1126/science.6289442.
Until recently, it has been impossible to approach learning with the techniques of cell biology. During the past several years, elementary forms of learning have been analyzed in higher invertebrates. Their nervous systems allow the experimental study of behavioral, neurophysiological, morphological, biochemical, and genetic components of the functional (plastic) changes underlying learning. In this review, we focus primarily on short-term sensitization of the gill and siphon reflex in the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica. Analyses of this form of learning provide direct evidence that protein phosphorylation dependent on cyclic adenosine monophosphate can modulate synaptic action. These studies also suggest how the molecular mechanisms for this short-term form of synaptic plasticity can be extended to explain both long-term memory and classical conditioning.
直到最近，利用细胞生物学技术来研究学习过程仍是不可能的。在过去的几年里，高等无脊椎动物中基本形式的学习已得到分析。它们的神经系统使得对学习背后功能性（可塑性）变化的行为、神经生理学、形态学、生物化学及遗传学成分进行实验研究成为可能。在这篇综述中，我们主要聚焦于海洋软体动物加州海兔鳃和虹吸管反射的短期敏感化。对这种学习形式的分析提供了直接证据，表明依赖环磷酸腺苷的蛋白质磷酸化能够调节突触作用。这些研究还提出了这种短期突触可塑性的分子机制如何能够扩展以解释长期记忆和经典条件作用。
