Asa S L, Kovacs K, Bilbao J M
Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1983;399(1):49-59. doi: 10.1007/BF00666218.
Forty autopsy pituitaries were studied to elucidate the histology, immunocytology and ultrastructure of pars tuberalis in subjects with normal and abnormal endocrine homeostasis. Pars tuberalis consisted mainly of gonadotrophs interspersed with few corticotrophs and thyrotrophs, histologically resembling those of pars distalis. Somatotrophs and lactotrophs were not identified. There were no histologic differences attributable to age or sex. In cases of glucocorticoid excess, pars tuberalis corticotrophs showed Crooke's hyalinization. Following castration or hypophysectomy, pars tuberalis gonadotrophs exhibited more intense immunostaining for FSH and LH than did normals. Ultrastructural analysis revealed gonadotrophs and corticotrophs showing no evidence of active secretion; immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated FSH, LH and ACTH in secretory granules. By light microscopy, squamous nests, often identified in pars tuberalis, were positive for immunoreactive keratin; cells at their periphery contained FSH, LH or ACTH, indicating derivation of nests by squamous metaplasia from gonadotrophs and corticotrophs. By electron microscopy, clusters of epithelial cells containing desmosomes and tonofilaments were surrounded by granulated gonadotrophs. Human pars tuberalis cells represent mainly a subpopulation of gonadotrophs possessing all organelles required for synthesis and storage of hormones but showing ultrastructural features of functional inactivity; the reasons for this inactivity and for the formation of squamous nests remain unexplained.
对40例尸检垂体进行研究，以阐明内分泌稳态正常和异常受试者的结节部组织学、免疫细胞学及超微结构。结节部主要由促性腺激素细胞组成，其间散在少量促肾上腺皮质激素细胞和促甲状腺激素细胞，组织学上与远侧部相似。未发现生长激素细胞和催乳激素细胞。年龄和性别未造成组织学差异。在糖皮质激素过多的病例中，结节部促肾上腺皮质激素细胞出现克鲁克透明变性。去势或垂体切除后，结节部促性腺激素细胞对促卵泡激素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）的免疫染色比正常情况更强。超微结构分析显示促性腺激素细胞和促肾上腺皮质激素细胞无活跃分泌迹象；免疫电镜显示分泌颗粒中有FSH、LH和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）。光镜下，结节部常见的鳞状细胞巢对角蛋白免疫反应呈阳性；其周边细胞含有FSH、LH或ACTH，表明鳞状细胞巢由促性腺激素细胞和促肾上腺皮质激素细胞鳞状化生而来。电镜下，含桥粒和张力丝的上皮细胞簇被颗粒状促性腺激素细胞包围。人结节部细胞主要代表促性腺激素细胞亚群，具备合成和储存激素所需的所有细胞器，但显示出功能不活跃的超微结构特征；这种不活跃的原因以及鳞状细胞巢的形成原因尚不清楚。
