Plasmid vectors capable of transferring large DNA fragments to yeast.

We have constructed several cloning vectors which can be used in vitro packaging and yeast transformation. These plasmids have been designed for the convenient cloning of large segments of DNA and their transfer to yeast. They contain bacterial plasmid DNA sequences for replication and selection in Escherichia coli, yeast 2-microns plasmid DNA sequences or chromosomal replicators and yeast markers necessary for replication and selection in yeast, and the cohesive ends of bacteriophage lambda which allow packaging of recombinant molecules into lambda phage heads. Large fragments (22-38 kb) of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Zea mays DNA were ligated into plasmid vector pBTI-1 to make complete genome libraries. One clone from the K. pneumoniae library was amplified in E. coli and the purified DNA used to transform yeast cells. Transformation of yeast by large DNA fragments occurred at high frequencies. The recombinant plasmid was stably maintained in yeast, provided selective pressure for Leu+ transformants was maintained. The structurally complete recombinant plasmid can be recovered from yeast by transforming E. coli to ampicillin resistance. Fewer than 5% of the recovered plasmids had undergone recombination with endogenous yeast 2-microns plasmid.