Ojemann G A
Hum Neurobiol. 1982;1(4):243-9.
Exicitatory and disruptive effects of stimulation on human higher integrative functions are reviewed, along with models of brain organization derived from them. Several general properties of stimulation effects on higher integrative functions are identified, including discrete localization, differential localization of several related functions, and individual variability in the exact locations of these effects. A model of the brain organization for language is derived from stimulation effects on several language-related functions. A common peri-Sylvian cortex for motor and language functions is identified in the language dominant hemisphere, including sites common to sequencing of motor movements and comprehension of phonemes that represents an anatomic substrate for the "motor theory of speech perception". This is surrounded by sites related to a cortical short-term verbal memory system, with sites specialized for such language functions as naming or syntax at the interface between these areas. A common "specific alerting response" mechanism for motor and language functions is identified in lateral thalamus of the language dominant hemisphere, a mechanism that may select the appropriate cortical areas for a language function. A similar thalamic mechanism for spatial functions is present in the nondominant hemisphere, as is discrete differential cortical localization of several spatial functions.
本文综述了刺激对人类高级整合功能的兴奋和干扰作用，以及由此衍生出的大脑组织模型。确定了刺激对高级整合功能影响的几个一般特性，包括离散定位、几种相关功能的差异定位，以及这些影响的确切位置的个体变异性。从刺激对几种语言相关功能的影响中得出了语言的大脑组织模型。在语言优势半球中确定了一个用于运动和语言功能的共同的颞叶周围皮质，包括运动序列和音素理解共有的部位，这代表了“言语感知运动理论”的解剖学基础。这被与皮质短期言语记忆系统相关的部位所包围，在这些区域之间的界面处有专门用于命名或句法等语言功能的部位。在语言优势半球的外侧丘脑中确定了一个用于运动和语言功能的共同的“特定警觉反应”机制，该机制可能为语言功能选择合适的皮质区域。在非优势半球中存在类似的用于空间功能的丘脑机制，几种空间功能也存在离散的差异皮质定位。
