Reed R J
Am J Dermatopathol. 1983 Aug;5(4):385-95.
The elusive dermal neurocristic effector cell is identified by its expression of fibrogenic functions in a variety of cutaneous neurocristic dysplasias and neoplasms. It is a normal resident of the dermis that disguises its embryonic heritage by the acquisition of fibrocytic (or fibrohistiocytic) functions. It shares with other cutaneous neurocristic derivatives the capacity to express variably three basic functions: 1) fibrogenesis, 2) melanogenesis, or 3) neurosustentation in the manner of the supportive cells of peripheral nerves. Its role in developing skin is prominently displayed in congenital nevi. The fibrogenic potentials of its embryonic relatives, the neurosustentacular cells and melanocytes, are expressed in perineurial fibromas and desmoplastic malignant melanomas. In the latter neoplasms, neurosustentacular functions are also often displayed. In the normal skin, the potentials of the cutaneous neurocristic migrants are usually restricted to one of three options. In dysplasias, the controls are derepressed and migrations may offer new, environmental influences that favor expression of latent properties. A dysplastic melanocyte loses the primary epigenic influence of epithelium by migration into the dermis. In the dermis, it encounters peripheral nerves and mesenchyme. In response, it may express its latent fibrogenic or neurosustentacular possibilities. The dermis is neuromesenchyme. The adventitial dermis is a special adaptation of mesenchyme to the metabolic needs of epithelium. Melanocytes and Merkel cells are situated ideally to function as mediators between epithelium and dermis. Pigmented melanocytes that concentrate in the bulbs of growing hairs probably are more important as mediators of epithelial-mesenchymal reactions than as sources of pigment. The reticular dermis and retinacula represent transformation from fetal type III collagen to adult type I collagen. In Mongolian spots, melanocytes are confined to the reticular dermis. They identify neurocristic effector cells that have been diverted from fibrogenic to melanogenic functions. In all likelihood, the transformation in the dermis from type III to type I collagen is induced by neurocristic migrants that have lost their identity in the population of fibrocytic cells.
难以捉摸的真皮神经嵴效应细胞是通过其在多种皮肤神经嵴发育异常和肿瘤中表达成纤维功能而得以识别的。它是真皮中的正常驻留细胞，通过获得纤维细胞（或纤维组织细胞）功能来掩盖其胚胎起源。它与其他皮肤神经嵴衍生物一样，具有可变地表达三种基本功能的能力：1）纤维生成，2）黑色素生成，或3）以外周神经支持细胞的方式提供神经支持。其在皮肤发育中的作用在先天性痣中显著体现。其胚胎相关细胞，即神经支持细胞和黑素细胞的成纤维潜能，在神经束膜纤维瘤和促纤维增生性恶性黑色素瘤中得以表达。在后者这些肿瘤中，神经支持功能也常常表现出来。在正常皮肤中，皮肤神经嵴迁移细胞的潜能通常局限于三种选择之一。在发育异常中，控制机制被解除抑制，迁移可能带来新的、有利于潜在特性表达的环境影响。发育异常的黑素细胞通过迁移到真皮中而失去了上皮的主要表观遗传影响。在真皮中，它会遇到外周神经和间充质。作为响应，它可能会表达其潜在的成纤维或神经支持可能性。真皮是神经间充质。外膜真皮是间充质为适应上皮代谢需求而发生的一种特殊适应性变化。黑素细胞和默克尔细胞处于理想位置，可作为上皮和真皮之间的介质发挥作用。集中在生长毛发毛囊中的色素沉着黑素细胞，作为上皮 - 间充质反应的介质可能比作为色素来源更为重要。网状真皮和支持带代表从胎儿型III型胶原向成人型I型胶原的转变。在蒙古斑中，黑素细胞局限于网状真皮。它们识别出已从成纤维功能转变为黑素生成功能的神经嵴效应细胞。很有可能，真皮中从III型胶原向I型胶原的转变是由在纤维细胞群体中失去自身特性的神经嵴迁移细胞诱导的。
