Influence of carbohydrates on growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens in a defined medium with or without guanosine.

Clostridium perfringens strains NCTC 8238, NCTC 8798, NCTC 8679, 8-6, FD-1, and PS52 formed high levels of heat-resistant spores in a defined medium (D) with various sugars as energy sources. Strain PS49 formed high levels of heat-resistant spores when grown with dextrin and methylxanthines. The experiments showed the possibility of carrying out experiments on the sporulation of certain C. perfringens strains in a completely defined medium, without using the ill-defined polysaccharide dextrin. The addition of guanosine and sucrose to D medium generally suppressed sporulation in most strains and made it possible to prepare overnight cultures consisting mainly of vegetative cells. These cultures could be used to inoculate D medium directly, eliminating both the need to wash cells and the lag which normally occurs when cells have been grown in a different medium. Except for strains PS52 and NCTC 8238, guanosine generally increased growth rates and reduced sporulation for all strains when grown on simple sugars. Methylxanthines decreased growth rates and increased sporulation of NCTC 8679 and PS49 when present in D medium with dextrin. In the absence of guanosine, strains NCTC 8798 and 8-6 grew much slower on glucose than on disaccharides. Strain PS52 grew on lactose only after a prolonged lag. For strains requiring dextrin for good sporulation, a commercial dextrin (Difco Laboratories) was found to be readily filter sterilized, making it possible to prepare large amounts of media for use in the production of spores (or enterotoxin).