Saif L J, Smith K L, Landmeier B J, Bohl E H, Theil K W, Todhunter D A
Am J Vet Res. 1984 Jan;45(1):49-58.
Fifteen pregnant Holstein cows were freely assigned to 3 experimental groups (5 cows in each group). Cows in group I were inoculated IM and intramammarily (IMm) with Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) tissue culture-propagated modified-live Nebraska calf diarrhea bovine rotavirus with added adjuvant (OARDC vaccine-immunized cows). Group II cows were given IM injections of a commercial modified-live rotavirus-coronavirus vaccine (commercial vaccine-immunized cows), and the remaining 5 cows were noninoculated controls (group III). Rotavirus antibody in colostrum and milk was mainly associated with immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, and less so with IgG2, IgA, and IgM, as analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using monospecific anti-bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA sera. In serum, the rotavirus antibody was distributed almost equally between IgG1 and IgG2. The same relationships appeared in both immunized and nonvaccinated cows. All OARDC vaccine-injected cows had virus-neutralization (VN) and ELISA IgG1 rotavirus antibody titers in serum and mammary secretions at significantly increased levels (at least 100-fold; P less than 0.05) compared with the titers in groups II (commercial vaccine-immunized cows) and III (controls). Serum, colostrum, and milk antibody titers from these latter 2 groups did not differ statistically. The ELISA IgG2, IgA, and IgM rotavirus antibody titers also were significantly greater in mammary secretions from OARDC vaccine-immunized cows than in groups II and III cows. There was a high correlation between ELISA IgG1 and VN rotavirus antibody titers for all samples tested (r = 0.97, P less than 0.001), but ELISA IgG1 antibody titers were consistently higher than VN titers. The ELISA IgG1 and VN antibody titers of milk samples collected from cows 30 days after parturition were higher from the OARDC vaccine-immunized cows (ELISA IgG1, geometric mean titer (GMT) = 3,511; VN GMT = 1,689) than were titers from the group II cows (ELISA IgG1 GMT = 39; VN GMT = 33) or group III cows (ELISA IgG1 GMT = 21; VN GMT = 19). These results indicate that IM plus IMm immunization of pregnant cows, using modified-live bovine rotavirus with added adjuvant, may significantly enhance serum, colostrum, and milk rotavirus antibody titers, whereas IM vaccinal inoculation of pregnant cows with a commercial modified-live rotavirus-coronavirus vaccine may not.
15头怀孕的荷斯坦奶牛被随机分为3个实验组（每组5头）。第一组奶牛通过肌肉注射（IM）和乳房内注射（IMm）接种了俄亥俄农业研究与发展中心（OARDC）组织培养繁殖的添加佐剂的改良活内布拉斯加小牛腹泻牛轮状病毒（OARDC疫苗免疫奶牛）。第二组奶牛肌肉注射商业改良活轮状病毒-冠状病毒疫苗（商业疫苗免疫奶牛），其余5头奶牛为未接种对照组（第三组）。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），使用单特异性抗牛IgG1、IgG2、IgA和IgM血清分析，初乳和牛奶中的轮状病毒抗体主要与免疫球蛋白（Ig）G1相关，与IgG2、IgA和IgM的相关性较小。在血清中，轮状病毒抗体在IgG1和IgG2之间几乎平均分布。免疫和未免疫的奶牛中都出现了相同的关系。与第二组（商业疫苗免疫奶牛）和第三组（对照组）相比，所有注射OARDC疫苗的奶牛血清和乳腺分泌物中的病毒中和（VN）和ELISA IgG1轮状病毒抗体滴度显著升高（至少100倍；P小于0.05）。后两组的血清、初乳和牛奶抗体滴度在统计学上没有差异。OARDC疫苗免疫奶牛的乳腺分泌物中ELISA IgG2、IgA和IgM轮状病毒抗体滴度也显著高于第二组和第三组奶牛。所有测试样品的ELISA IgG1和VN轮状病毒抗体滴度之间存在高度相关性（r = 0.97，P小于0.001），但ELISA IgG1抗体滴度始终高于VN滴度。产后30天从奶牛采集的牛奶样品中，OARDC疫苗免疫奶牛的ELISA IgG1（几何平均滴度（GMT）= 3511；VN GMT = 1689）和VN抗体滴度高于第二组奶牛（ELISA IgG1 GMT = 39；VN GMT = 33）或第三组奶牛（ELISA IgG1 GMT = 21；VN GMT = 19）。这些结果表明，使用添加佐剂的改良活牛轮状病毒对怀孕奶牛进行IM加IMm免疫可能会显著提高血清、初乳和牛奶中的轮状病毒抗体滴度，而使用商业改良活轮状病毒-冠状病毒疫苗对怀孕奶牛进行IM疫苗接种可能不会。
