Rusiniak K W, Garcia J, Palmerino C C, Cabral R J
Behav Neural Biol. 1983 Nov;39(2):160-80. doi: 10.1016/s0163-1047(83)90808-7.
Feeding experiences were varied in developing rats and the effects upon flavor neophobia and lithium chloride-induced flavor aversions were observed. In Experiment 1, nursing experience of neonate rats was reduced by artificial feeding via intragastric cannula; the rats then were tested with apple juice paired with lithium chloride injection at weaning or maturity. Conditioned aversions were not affected, but neophobia to novel apple juice was attenuated in artificially-reared rats tested at maturity. In Experiment 2, rats received enriched feeding experience after weaning, which consisted of (a) obtaining many complex flavors, a few of which were paired with poisoning, effortlessly in the home cage, or (b) foraging for various foods on an elevated maze. No dramatic effects on neophobia or conditioned taste aversion for saccharin water were apparent. In Experiment 3, rats were given experience after weaning with vanilla-scented water either paired or unpaired with quinine water, and then tested with the odor of almond or that odor compounded with saccharin water for neophobia and lithium-induced aversions. Flavor-experienced rats exhibited more pronounced odor conditioning and more resistance to extinction of the odor aversion after both simple and compound conditioning. In contrast, saccharin taste aversions were relatively unchanged. Apparently, enriched feeding and drinking experience facilitates the utilization of odor more than taste cues.
处于发育阶段的大鼠的进食经历各不相同，并观察了其对新口味恐惧症和氯化锂诱导的口味厌恶的影响。在实验1中，通过胃内插管人工喂养减少了新生大鼠的哺乳经历；然后在断奶或成熟时，用苹果汁与注射氯化锂配对对大鼠进行测试。条件性厌恶没有受到影响，但在成熟时测试的人工饲养大鼠对新苹果汁的恐惧有所减轻。在实验2中，大鼠在断奶后获得了丰富的进食经历，包括：(a) 在笼内轻松获取多种复杂口味，其中一些与中毒配对，或(b) 在高架迷宫中觅食各种食物。对糖精水的新口味恐惧症或条件性味觉厌恶没有明显的显著影响。在实验3中，大鼠在断奶后接触了与奎宁水配对或未配对的香草味水，然后用杏仁气味或与糖精水混合的该气味测试新口味恐惧症和锂诱导的厌恶。有口味经历的大鼠在简单和复合条件作用后，表现出更明显的气味条件作用和对气味厌恶消退的更强抵抗力。相比之下，糖精味觉厌恶相对不变。显然，丰富的进食和饮水经历促进了对气味而非味觉线索的利用。
