Norstedt G, Palmiter R
Cell. 1984 Apr;36(4):805-12. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90030-8.
The secretory pattern of growth hormone (GH) differs between the sexes; in males it is more pulsatile than in females. Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that differences in the secretory rhythm of GH are responsible for sex-dependent liver functions of mice. Continuous delivery of GH was achieved either by introducing metallothionein-GH fusion genes into the germ line or by implanting minipumps. Pulsatile delivery of GH was mimicked by injection. The effects of these treatments on production of hepatic prolactin/GH receptors, albumin, and major urinary protein (MUP) were monitored. The results suggest that induction of MUP mRNA requires pulsatile occupancy of GH receptors, which is achieved naturally in males or by injection of GH, whereas chronic occupancy of GH receptors is inhibitory. In contrast, induction of prolactin/GH receptors requires chronic stimulation of GH receptors, which is approximated in normal female mice or results from increased GH levels in mice with foreign genes or undergoing infusions from minipumps.
生长激素（GH）的分泌模式存在性别差异；在雄性中，其脉冲性比雌性更强。进行了实验以检验以下假设：GH分泌节律的差异是小鼠性别依赖性肝功能的原因。通过将金属硫蛋白 - GH融合基因导入生殖系或植入微型泵来实现GH的持续递送。通过注射模拟GH的脉冲式递送。监测了这些处理对肝脏催乳素/GH受体、白蛋白和主要尿蛋白（MUP）产生的影响。结果表明，MUP mRNA的诱导需要GH受体的脉冲式占据，这在雄性中自然发生或通过注射GH实现，而GH受体的长期占据具有抑制作用。相比之下，催乳素/GH受体的诱导需要GH受体的长期刺激，这在正常雌性小鼠中近似发生，或者是由于具有外源基因的小鼠或接受微型泵输注的小鼠中GH水平升高所致。
