Fujita J, Yoshida O, Yuasa Y, Rhim J S, Hatanaka M, Aaronson S A
Nature. 1984;309(5967):464-6. doi: 10.1038/309464a0.
DNA-mediated gene transfer (transfection) studies using NIH 3T3 cells as recipients have demonstrated the presence of transforming genes (oncogenes) in diverse human tumours. A large proportion of oncogenes so far detected by DNA transfection are related to the Ha-ras onc gene of Harvey (and BALB) murine sarcoma viruses (MSV), Ki-ras, the oncogene of Kirsten MSV, and a third member of the ras gene family, N-ras. Individual tumours of many different organs have been associated with the activation of members of the ras gene family. We now present the first systematic survey of human urinary tract tumours processed immediately after surgery, as well as normal tissues from the same patients, to detect the presence of such genes. We demonstrate activation of Ha-ras as an oncogene in around 10% of randomly selected urinary tract tumours as well as direct evidence that oncogene activation is the result of a somatic event which is selected for within the tumour cell population.
以NIH 3T3细胞作为受体的DNA介导的基因转移（转染）研究表明，多种人类肿瘤中存在转化基因（癌基因）。到目前为止，通过DNA转染检测到的大部分癌基因与哈维（和BALB）鼠肉瘤病毒（MSV）的Ha-ras癌基因、柯尔斯滕MSV的癌基因Ki-ras以及ras基因家族的第三个成员N-ras相关。许多不同器官的个别肿瘤与ras基因家族成员的激活有关。我们现在首次对手术后立即处理的人类泌尿系统肿瘤以及同一患者的正常组织进行系统调查，以检测此类基因的存在。我们证明，在大约10%的随机选择的泌尿系统肿瘤中，Ha-ras作为癌基因被激活，并且有直接证据表明癌基因激活是肿瘤细胞群体中选择的体细胞事件的结果。
