Inhibition of protein synthesis stimulates the transcription of human beta-interferon genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with a plasmid carrying the human beta-interferon gene, we find that inhibitors of protein synthesis, in the absence of any other inducer, stimulate the production of interferon RNA; this effect is maintained in cells in which the plasmid sequences have been amplified 25- to 50-fold. Nuclear transcription assays show that a major effect of cycloheximide is to increase the rate of transcription of the interferon gene. This contradicts the generally accepted explanation that inhibitors of protein synthesis augment interferon production by stabilizing interferon mRNA. In addition, we have studied the effects of double stranded RNA [poly(rI) X poly(rC)] on the induction of interferon RNA in the presence and absence of cycloheximide. Our results indicate that poly(rI) X poly(rC) by itself causes a transient increase in interferon RNA; however, in the presence of cycloheximide this effect is prolonged. We do not, however, find an increase in transcription of the interferon gene(s) as an early response to poly(rI) X poly(rC). Finally, we have found that cells treated with cycloheximide or infected with Newcastle disease virus induce large amounts of a secreted 11-kDa protein. This cellular protein is not inducible by poly(rI) X poly(rC). We propose that both interferon and this 11-kDa protein belong to a family of proteins in which production is regulated in a coordinate fashion during viral inhibition of cellular protein synthesis.