Nelson E L, Melton L J, Annegers J F, Laws E R, Offord K P
Neurosurgery. 1984 Sep;15(3):318-24. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198409000-00005.
Between 1935 and 1974, 3598 episodes of head trauma among Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents resulted in 1097 skull fractures. Of these, 53% were simple, 16% were depressed, 12% were compound, and 19% were basilar. The age-and sex-adjusted incidence of skull fractures was 44.3 per 100,000 person-years overall, was somewhat greater in the urban than in the rural areas of Olmsted County, and was relatively stable for the final 30 years of the study. Age-specific incidence rates were highest for the very young, and simple linear fractures were the predominant type of skull fracture in this age group and among the elderly. The male:female ratio of incidence rates varied from 2.1:1 to 4.5:1 depending on fracture type. Motor vehicle accidents accounted for 38% of the skull fractures and were a particularly important cause among young males. Falls accounted for 37% of the skull fractures and were the major cause of fractures in the elderly and pediatric age groups. The results of this population-based study may be helpful in formulating recommendations for the evaluation and management of head-injured patients.
1935年至1974年间，明尼苏达州奥尔姆斯特德县居民发生了3598起头部创伤事件，导致1097例颅骨骨折。其中，53%为单纯性骨折，16%为凹陷性骨折，12%为开放性骨折，19%为颅底骨折。经年龄和性别调整后，颅骨骨折的总体发病率为每10万人年44.3例，在奥尔姆斯特德县的城市地区略高于农村地区，在研究的最后30年中相对稳定。特定年龄发病率在幼儿中最高，单纯线性骨折是该年龄组和老年人中颅骨骨折的主要类型。发病率的男女比例因骨折类型而异，从2.1:1到4.5:1不等。机动车事故占颅骨骨折的38%，是年轻男性骨折的一个特别重要原因。跌倒占颅骨骨折的37%，是老年人和儿童年龄组骨折的主要原因。这项基于人群的研究结果可能有助于制定头部受伤患者评估和管理的建议。
