Jennings S, Mazaik C, McKinlay S
Soc Sci Med. 1984;19(4):423-31. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(84)90200-4.
Considerable controversy has appeared in recent epidemiological literature on the association between unemployment and health. Other recent research suggests that there is an association between women's employment status and their physical and mental health. Although the nature of this association has still to be specified, it is of increasing importance given the dramatic rise in work force participation in the last few decades. This paper analyzes the results of the first large U.S. epidemiological study of the menopause in over two decades, comprising a random sample (n = 8114, response rate = 77%) from the general population of women aged 45-54 in Massachusetts. Women who were employed for pay (69%), full time homemakers (24%) and women who were unemployed themselves (5%) or living with an unemployed spouse (2%) were included in this analysis of data from the cross-sectional phase of the study. Comparisons between a variety of measures and employment status are reported, as are the intervening effects of sociodemographic variables and social support measures. The importance of the 'healthy worker effect', especially for homemakers, is analyzed. Finally, a small subsample of recently unemployed women from the first round of the longitudinal phase of the study is analyzed to demonstrate additional information to be gained through a longitudinal design.
近期流行病学文献中出现了关于失业与健康之间关联的大量争议。其他近期研究表明，女性的就业状况与其身心健康之间存在关联。尽管这种关联的性质仍有待明确，但鉴于过去几十年劳动力参与率的急剧上升，其重要性日益凸显。本文分析了美国二十多年来首次针对更年期的大型流行病学研究结果，该研究对马萨诸塞州45至54岁女性的普通人群进行了随机抽样（n = 8114，回应率 = 77%）。在对该研究横断面阶段的数据进行分析时，纳入了有薪酬工作的女性（69%）、全职家庭主妇（24%）以及自身失业的女性（5%）或与失业配偶共同生活的女性（2%）。报告了各种测量指标与就业状况之间的比较，以及社会人口统计学变量和社会支持措施的干预效应。分析了“健康工人效应”的重要性，尤其是对家庭主妇而言。最后，对该研究纵向阶段第一轮中近期失业女性的一个小亚样本进行了分析，以展示通过纵向设计可获得的更多信息。
