Esteban-Gonzalo Sara, Aparicio Marta, Estaban-Gonzalo Laura
a Department of Psychology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
b Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
Women Health. 2018 Aug;58(7):744-758. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2017.1353574. Epub 2017 Aug 25.
The present study analyzed relationships between employment status, gender role conformity, and health among adult Spanish women from a biopsychosocial approach. We first examined the potential relationship between employment status and conformity to feminine norms (CFNI), second, the relationship between employment status and general and psychological health, and finally, the relationship between CFNI and general and psychological health. Unemployed women (n = 103), employed women (n = 144), and full-time homemakers (n = 100) aged 18-70 yr completed a survey, including measures of psychological health (GHQ-12), general health (self-rated health), and CFNI. Data collection was conducted during 2014. Multiple logistic regression analyses produced odds ratios (OR) and 95 petrcent confidence intervals (CI) that showed that full-time homemakers were more likely to show higher levels of feminine norms conformity (OR = 2.04; 95 percent CI = 1.13-3.69; p = .017), although these differences were no longer significant when controlled for educational level. Unemployed women (OR = 3.27; 95 percent CI = 1.87-5.73; p < .001) and women who presented greater CFNI (OR = 1.56; 95 percent CI = 1.01-2.40; p = .044) were more likely to show psychological morbidity. Public health institutions should pay attention to the relevance of employment status and gender roles, given the relation of these factors to women's health.
本研究从生物心理社会角度分析了成年西班牙女性的就业状况、性别角色一致性与健康之间的关系。我们首先考察了就业状况与女性规范一致性（CFNI）之间的潜在关系，其次是就业状况与总体健康和心理健康之间的关系，最后是CFNI与总体健康和心理健康之间的关系。18至70岁的失业女性（n = 103）、就业女性（n = 144）和全职家庭主妇（n = 100）完成了一项调查，包括心理健康（GHQ - 12）、总体健康（自评健康）和CFNI的测量。数据收集于2014年进行。多元逻辑回归分析得出了优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），结果显示全职家庭主妇更有可能表现出较高水平的女性规范一致性（OR = 2.04；95% CI = 1.13 - 3.69；p = 0.017），不过在控制教育水平后这些差异不再显著。失业女性（OR = 3.27；95% CI = 1.87 - 5.73；p < 0.001）和CFNI较高的女性（OR = 1.56；95% CI = 1.01 - 2.40；p = 0.044）更有可能表现出心理疾病。鉴于这些因素与女性健康的关系，公共卫生机构应关注就业状况和性别角色的相关性。
