Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard D L, Barrett-Connor E
Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0607.
Am J Public Health. 1992 Feb;82(2):215-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.2.215.
In recent years, an increasing number of women have been entering the labor force. It is known that in men, employment is related to heart disease risk, but there are few studies examining this association among women.
The relation between employment status and heart disease risk factors including lipid and lipoprotein levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting and postchallenge plasma glucose and insulin levels, was examined in 242 women aged 40 to 59 years, who were participants in the Rancho Bernardo Heart and Chronic Disease Survey. At the time of a follow-up clinic visit between 1984 and 1987, 46.7% were employed, primarily in managerial positions.
Employed women smoked fewer cigarettes, drank less alcohol, and exercised more than unemployed women, but these differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for covariates, employed women had significantly lower total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose levels than unemployed women. Differences on other biological variables, although not statistically significant, also favored the employed women.
Results of this study suggest that middle-aged women employed in managerial positions are healthier than unemployed women.
近年来，越来越多的女性进入劳动力市场。众所周知，在男性中，就业与心脏病风险有关，但很少有研究探讨女性中的这种关联。
在参加兰乔贝纳多心脏病与慢性病调查的242名40至59岁女性中，研究了就业状况与心脏病风险因素之间的关系，这些因素包括血脂和脂蛋白水平、收缩压和舒张压、空腹及餐后血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素水平。在1984年至1987年的随访门诊就诊时，46.7%的女性有工作，主要从事管理岗位。
就业女性比未就业女性吸烟更少、饮酒更少且锻炼更多，但这些差异无统计学意义。在对协变量进行调整后，就业女性的总胆固醇和空腹血糖水平显著低于未就业女性。其他生物学变量上的差异虽无统计学意义，但也有利于就业女性。
本研究结果表明，从事管理岗位的中年女性比未就业女性更健康。
