Commoner B, Madyastha R, Bronsdon A, Vithayathil A J
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1978 Jan;4(1):59-77. doi: 10.1080/15287397809529645.
A bioassay capable of detecting carcinogenic substances that are associated with the elevated incidence of cancer in the urban environment would be important for epidemiologic and environmental analyses. The feasibility of using the Salmonella mutagenesis system developed by Ames for this purpose has been tested by analyzing Chicago air particulate samples. Active material, as evidenced by enhanced rates of mutation, both in the presence of microsomes and in their absence, is readily extractable from samples of air particulates. Dose-response curves have been obtained from such extracts of 15 successive samples, taken at intervals during 1975 from a sampling site in South Chicago. A method for analyzing such data in order to evaluate the relative mutagenic activity of different samples is described. The presence of a number of mutagenic constituents has been demonstrated by means of thin-layer chromatography of particularly active samples, in which the active material is located by mutagenic analysis of successive chromatographic zones. Mass spectrometer analysis of material isolated from an original sample in this way indicates that benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene, which are known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic, are present. It is concluded that within certain constraints, which are described, the methodology can serve the purpose of an environmental bioassay for organic carcinogens.
一种能够检测与城市环境中癌症发病率升高相关的致癌物质的生物测定方法，对于流行病学和环境分析来说至关重要。通过分析芝加哥空气颗粒物样本，已经测试了使用艾姆斯开发的沙门氏菌诱变系统来实现这一目的的可行性。无论有无微粒体存在，均可从空气颗粒物样本中轻松提取出具有活性的物质，这可通过突变率的提高得到证明。从1975年期间于芝加哥南部一个采样点每隔一段时间采集的15个连续样本的此类提取物中获得了剂量反应曲线。描述了一种分析此类数据以评估不同样本相对诱变活性的方法。通过对特别活跃的样本进行薄层色谱分析，已经证明存在多种诱变成分，其中通过对连续色谱区进行诱变分析来确定活性物质的位置。以这种方式从原始样本中分离出的物质的质谱分析表明，已知具有诱变和致癌作用的苯并[a]芘和苯并[e]芘存在。得出的结论是，在所述的某些限制范围内，该方法可用于有机致癌物的环境生物测定。
