Benson G, Holmberg M B
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1984 Nov;70(5):487-502. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01238.x.
Drug-related criminality in Gothenburg, Sweden, was studied by following up criminal charges for stratified samples of unselected groups--ninth graders in 1968 and military conscripts in 1969/70--and selected groups--psychiatric patients and social welfare clients--of drug abusers. Cannabis was the predominant drug but central stimulants taken intravenously also occurred, particularly in the selected groups. During a follow-up period of 5-9 years cumulative criminality for men was twice as high among those who had stated high-frequency drug use in questionnaires, and four times as high among selected drug abusers, as the average in the unselected groups. Cumulative criminality was lower for women, but was nine times higher for women who had stated high-frequency drug use, and about 18 times higher for selected drug abusers, than was the average in the unselected groups. The most common drug-related crimes (in descending order) were crimes against property, against the Narcotics Drug Penal Act, and against the Road Traffic Offences Act. There was no significant increase in crimes against person. It is estimated that 25-50% of the criminals in the unselected groups of young men were drug abusers.
通过对未经挑选群体（1968年的九年级学生和1969/1970年的应征入伍者）以及挑选出的吸毒群体（精神病患者和社会福利服务对象）的刑事指控进行跟踪调查，对瑞典哥德堡与毒品相关的犯罪行为展开了研究。大麻是主要毒品，但也出现了静脉注射中枢兴奋剂的情况，尤其是在挑选出的群体中。在5至9年的随访期内，在调查问卷中表示高频吸毒的男性的累计犯罪率是未挑选群体平均水平的两倍，而挑选出的吸毒者的累计犯罪率则是未挑选群体平均水平的四倍。女性的累计犯罪率较低，但在调查问卷中表示高频吸毒的女性的累计犯罪率是未挑选群体平均水平的九倍，挑选出的吸毒女性的累计犯罪率则约为未挑选群体平均水平的18倍。最常见的与毒品相关的犯罪（按降序排列）是财产犯罪、违反《麻醉药品刑法》的犯罪以及违反《道路交通违法行为法》的犯罪。针对人身的犯罪没有显著增加。据估计，未挑选的年轻男性群体中25%至50%的罪犯是吸毒者。
