Tofte R W, Williams D N
Postgrad Med. 1983 Jan;73(1):275-80, 285-8. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1983.11698331.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an exotoxin-mediated illness that occurs primarily in young menstruating women who use tampons. The syndrome ranges from a potentially fatal disease characterized by hypotension and failure in multiple organ systems to a less severe condition commonly misdiagnosed as a nonspecific viral illness or gastroenteritis. Physicians should recognize that an exanthematous, febrile illness that recurs during menstruation or that occurs primarily in the postoperative or postpartum period and in association with staphylococcal infections may be TSS even in the absence of requisite diagnostic criteria. Unless TSS can be excluded with reasonable certainty, appropriate cultures should be obtained, with treatment initiated presumptively. In all menstrual cases, women should be advised to avoid tampon use indefinitely.
中毒性休克综合征（TSS）是一种外毒素介导的疾病，主要发生在使用卫生棉条的年轻经期女性中。该综合征范围从一种以低血压和多器官系统功能衰竭为特征的潜在致命疾病，到一种通常被误诊为非特异性病毒疾病或肠胃炎的较轻病症。医生应认识到，即使在缺乏必要诊断标准的情况下，在月经期间复发、或主要发生在术后或产后且与葡萄球菌感染相关的皮疹性发热疾病也可能是TSS。除非能合理确定排除TSS，否则应进行适当的培养，并开始进行推定治疗。在所有月经相关病例中，应建议女性无限期避免使用卫生棉条。
