Dobson R L, Felton J S
Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(1-2):175-90.
Female germ cells in some mammals are extremely sensitive to killing by ionizing radiation, especially during development. Primordial oocytes in juvenile mice have an LD50 of only 6-7 rad, and the germ cell pool in squirrel monkeys is destroyed by prenatal exposure of 0.7 rad/day. Sensitivity varies greatly with species and germ cell stage. Unusually high sensitivity has not been found in macaques and may not occur in man, but this has not been established for all developmental stages. The exquisite oocyte radiosensitivity in mice apparently reflects vulnerability of the plasma membrane, not DNA, which may have implications for estimating human genetic risks. Germ cells can be killed also by chemicals. Such oocyte loss, with similarities to radiation effects, is under increasing study, including chemotherapy observations in women. More than 75 compounds have been tested in mice, with in vivo toxicity quantified by oocyte loss; certain chemicals apparently act on the membrane.
在一些哺乳动物中，雌性生殖细胞对电离辐射杀伤极为敏感，尤其是在发育期间。幼年小鼠的原始卵母细胞的半数致死剂量仅为6 - 7拉德，而松鼠猴的生殖细胞库会因产前每天暴露于0.7拉德而被破坏。敏感性因物种和生殖细胞阶段的不同而有很大差异。猕猴未发现异常高的敏感性，人类可能也不会出现，但尚未在所有发育阶段得到证实。小鼠卵母细胞极高的放射敏感性显然反映了质膜而非DNA的脆弱性，这可能对评估人类遗传风险有影响。生殖细胞也可被化学物质杀死。这种与辐射效应相似的卵母细胞损失正受到越来越多的研究，包括对女性化疗的观察。已有超过75种化合物在小鼠身上进行了测试，通过卵母细胞损失对体内毒性进行了量化；某些化学物质显然作用于细胞膜。
