Thacker S B, Banta H D
Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1983 Jun;38(6):322-38.
The benefits and risks of episiotomy in labor and delivery as recorded in the English language literature in over 350 books and articles published since 1860 are reviewed and analyzed. Episiotomy is performed in over 60 per cent of all deliveries in the United States and in a much higher per cent of primigravidas. Yet, there is no clearly defined evidence for its efficacy, particularly for routine use. In addition, although poorly studied, there is evidence that postpartum pain and discomfort are accentuated after episiotomy, and serious complications, including maternal death, can be associated with the procedure. Therefore, carefully designed controlled trials of benefit and risk should be carried out on the use of episiotomy.
回顾并分析了自1860年以来出版的350多本英文书籍和文章中所记录的分娩时会阴切开术的益处和风险。在美国，超过60%的分娩会进行会阴切开术，初产妇的比例更高。然而，目前尚无明确证据证明其有效性，尤其是常规使用时。此外，尽管相关研究较少，但有证据表明，会阴切开术后产后疼痛和不适会加剧，该手术还可能导致包括产妇死亡在内的严重并发症。因此，应对会阴切开术的使用开展精心设计的利弊对照试验。
