Forster J, Knoop U
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1983 Jul;131(7):441-7.
A 15 months prospective study of gastroenteritis in hospitalized newborns and infants (N = 201) was combined with a Rotavirus infection surveillance. Stool specimens were investigated weekly (CFT). From patients with gastroenteritis (N = 320) an infectious agent could be detected on average in 41% of each patient group: Rotavirus N = 54, Staph. aureus N = 22, toxin producing E. coli N = 4, other bacteria N = 25, Candida albicans N = 17, Echovirus 11 N = 1. With certain exceptions, the pathogens were distributed equally within the patient groups. However, Candida albicans appeared most frequently in premature children and the highest incidence of Rotavirus infections was observed in premature small for date babies. Rotavirus caused the mildest illness. The severest forms had usually no detectable cause. Bacteria took up an intermediate position. 68% of patients with detectable Rotavirus in the faeces had symptoms. However, treatment was required in only 25% of premature and small for date babies and 40% of normal newborns. In newborns and infants an isolated tachypnoea was observed 3 days prior to onset of a Rotavirus induced gastroenteritis. Breast fed infants showed no evidence of increased protection. Rotavirus antibodies were detectable in 58% of children prior to infection. The study presents evidence for the value of separate of patient care and meticulous hand disinfection, especially in the case of Rotavirus induced gastroenteritis.
一项针对住院新生儿和婴儿（N = 201）的胃肠炎进行的为期15个月的前瞻性研究与轮状病毒感染监测相结合。每周对粪便标本进行检测（补体结合试验）。在患有胃肠炎的患者（N = 320）中，平均每个患者组有41%能检测到感染病原体：轮状病毒N = 54，金黄色葡萄球菌N = 22，产毒素大肠杆菌N = 4，其他细菌N = 25，白色念珠菌N = 17，埃可病毒11型N = 1。除某些例外情况外，病原体在各患者组中的分布是均等的。然而，白色念珠菌在早产儿中出现最为频繁，而轮状病毒感染的最高发病率在早产小样儿中观察到。轮状病毒引起的疾病最轻。最严重的病例通常找不到可检测到的病因。细菌处于中间位置。粪便中检测到轮状病毒的患者中有68%出现症状。然而，仅25%的早产小样儿和40%的正常新生儿需要治疗。在新生儿和婴儿中，在轮状病毒引起的胃肠炎发作前3天观察到单独的呼吸急促。母乳喂养的婴儿没有显示出增强保护的证据。58%的儿童在感染前可检测到轮状病毒抗体。该研究证明了对患者进行隔离护理和严格手部消毒的价值，尤其是在轮状病毒引起的胃肠炎病例中。
