Brent D A
Pediatrics. 1983 Nov;72(5):645-51.
The loss of a parent or sibling can have a profound effect on the psychosocial development of the surviving child. The pediatrician, by virtue of his or her longitudinal involvement with children, is in a unique position to provide anticipatory guidance for the family in which such a loss has taken place. This article reviews children's cognitive understanding of death, the distinction between normal and pathologic grief, and the impact of the loss of a parent or sibling on the course of family relations and the development of the children involved. Some of the common problems that may be manifest in children subsequent to such a loss, together with appropriate interventions, are outlined. Most situations can be best handled by the pediatrician, but criteria for seeking psychiatric consultation are provided.
父母或兄弟姐妹的离世会对幸存孩子的心理社会发展产生深远影响。儿科医生由于长期与儿童打交道，在为遭遇此类丧亲之痛的家庭提供预期指导方面具有独特优势。本文回顾了儿童对死亡的认知理解、正常悲伤与病理性悲伤的区别，以及父母或兄弟姐妹的离世对家庭关系进程和相关儿童发展的影响。文中概述了此类丧亲事件后儿童可能出现的一些常见问题以及相应的干预措施。大多数情况儿科医生都能妥善处理，但也提供了寻求精神科会诊的标准。
