Busnardo A C, DiDio L J, Tidrick R T, Thomford N R
Am J Surg. 1983 Nov;146(5):539-50. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(83)90286-6.
The pancreas was generally ignored in antiquity, both as an organ and as a seat of disease. The first description of the pancreas is attributed to Herophilus. It was in the 17th century that the main duct of the organ was described and its significance demonstrated. At that time, Brunner thought that the pancreas was not essential to digestion, and he failed to associate the pancreas with diabetes. Claude Bernard discovered the function of the pancreas in digestion. In 1922, Banting and Best obtained isletin and demonstrated the capacity of the substance to cause a dog to recover from diabetic coma. In 1889, Reginald Fitz firmly established pancreatitis as a disease entity. In 1927, the first case of hyperinsulinism due to a tumor of the islet cells was reported. Twenty-eight years later, Zollinger and Ellison described two patients with unusually severe peptic ulcer disease, both of whom had noninsulin-secreting tumors of the pancreatic islets. Subsequently, gastrin was isolated as the hormone responsible for this syndrome. In March 1940, Dr. O. Whipple performed the first recorded one-stage pancreaticoduodenectomy. Much progress has been made since then and today transplantation of isolated islets and portions of whole pancreas is a reality.
在古代，胰腺通常被忽视，无论是作为一个器官还是作为疾病的病灶。胰腺的首次描述归功于希罗菲卢斯。直到17世纪，该器官的主胰管才被描述并证明了其重要性。当时，布伦纳认为胰腺对消化并非必不可少，并且他未能将胰腺与糖尿病联系起来。克劳德·贝尔纳发现了胰腺在消化中的功能。1922年，班廷和贝斯特获得了胰岛素，并证明了该物质能使一只患糖尿病昏迷的狗康复。1889年，雷金纳德·菲茨明确将胰腺炎确立为一种疾病实体。1927年，首例因胰岛细胞瘤导致的高胰岛素血症病例被报道。28年后，佐林格和埃利森描述了两名患有异常严重消化性溃疡疾病的患者，他们都患有非胰岛素分泌性胰岛细胞瘤。随后，胃泌素被分离出来，被认为是导致该综合征的激素。1940年3月，奥·惠普尔医生实施了首例有记录的一期胰十二指肠切除术。从那时起已经取得了很大进展，如今，孤立胰岛和部分全胰腺移植已成为现实。
