Alder S, Zbinden G
Arch Toxicol. 1983 Sep;54(1):1-23. doi: 10.1007/BF00277811.
The discovery of neurobehavioral hazards is an important goal of the majority of the toxicological studies. Quite often it is possible to detect signs of neurobehavioral toxicity through non-instrumental observations and from the response of the animals to simple manipulations. Psychopharmacologists have long used these techniques to identify new drugs with potential usefulness as psychotropic agents. Their approach may also be applicable for the detection of neurotoxic chemicals. Based on a review of the literature and personal experience a neurobehavioral check-list is proposed which can easily be incorporated into the animal care and treatment routine used in single- and repeated-dose toxicity studies with small rodents. The instrumental tests which measure motor activity, neuromuscular functions, muscle strength, emotionality and social behavior are also discussed. The usefulness of these procedures in toxicology is not yet established. Their introduction into the testing routine creates considerable logistic difficulties and might not be compatible with good laboratory practices. Therefore, it is suggested to explore the procedures developed by psychopharmalogists and behavioral scientists and to validate them with a variety of neurobehavioral toxins. Tests which produce relevant and reproducible data may then be added to the toxicological protocols, preferably within the framework of safety pharmacology.
发现神经行为危害是大多数毒理学研究的一个重要目标。通常，通过非仪器观察以及动物对简单操作的反应，有可能检测到神经行为毒性的迹象。长期以来，精神药理学家一直使用这些技术来识别具有作为精神药物潜在用途的新药。他们的方法也可能适用于检测神经毒性化学物质。基于对文献的回顾和个人经验，提出了一份神经行为检查表，该检查表可以很容易地纳入用于小型啮齿动物单剂量和重复剂量毒性研究的动物护理和治疗常规中。还讨论了测量运动活动、神经肌肉功能、肌肉力量、情绪和社会行为的仪器测试。这些程序在毒理学中的实用性尚未确定。将它们引入测试常规会带来相当大的后勤困难，并且可能不符合良好实验室规范。因此，建议探索精神药理学家和行为科学家开发的程序，并用各种神经行为毒素对其进行验证。然后，产生相关且可重复数据的测试可以添加到毒理学方案中，最好是在安全药理学的框架内。
