Staal J P, Mol H, Demmers W A, Vincentie H M
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1978 Mar 1;103(5):268-72.
During the period from August to December 1976, 239 bovine udders were examined for their microbiological quality. Counts were made of the total number of aerobes, anaerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, coliform micro-organisms and staphylococci positive for coagulas and DNA-ase. The udders were examined for the presence or absence of Salmonella, E. coli and haemolytic streptococci. In addition, the Enterobacteriaceae were identified. The udders examined were from animals brought up for slaughter from all over the country. The studies were designed to examine whether udders are suited as raw material for products to be consumed by human individuals. The number of pathogenic bacteria isolated was found to be considerable and the average bacterial counts were rather high. The studies showed that the bacterial content of mammary-gland tissues has an adverse effect on the quality of raw meats made from these tissues so that they are not aceptable from the point of view of public health. Even when they are used as raw material for heated products, the risk of food poisoning caused by toxin produced by staphylococci cannot be entirely ruled out.
1976年8月至12月期间，对239个奶牛乳房进行了微生物质量检测。对需氧菌、厌氧菌、肠杆菌科、大肠菌群微生物以及凝固酶和DNA酶呈阳性的葡萄球菌的总数进行了计数。检查乳房中是否存在沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和溶血性链球菌。此外，还对肠杆菌科进行了鉴定。所检查的乳房来自全国各地供屠宰的动物。这些研究旨在检验乳房是否适合作为供人类食用的产品的原材料。发现分离出的病原菌数量相当可观，平均细菌计数也相当高。研究表明，乳腺组织中的细菌含量对由这些组织制成的生肉质量有不利影响，因此从公共卫生角度来看是不可接受的。即使将它们用作加热产品的原材料，由葡萄球菌产生的毒素引起食物中毒的风险也不能完全排除。
