Bijker P G, Scholten J I, Fransen T
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1981 Feb 1;106(3):97-105.
The status of hygiene during collection, storage and processing of bovine udders at 73 locations (50 abattoirs, 14 freezing-storage factories and 9 processing plants) was assessed. We found unacceptable low levels of hygiene at the abattoirs. Udders were contaminated during slaughtering by contact with animal skin, unclean tools and the unwashed hands of the personnel. Storage and transport of udders in large containers prevented effective cooling. Bacteriological analysis of deep frozen udder tissue revealed a quality decline as compared to similar analysis directly after slaughtering. Approximately 80 per cent of the samples were found to have an aerobic count of 10(5)-10(7) and 30 per cent of the samples contained 10(3)-10(5) Enterobacteriaceae/g. Frozen samples collected directly before processing revealed practically no increase in bacterial count as compared to counts found in freezing-storage factories.
对73个地点（50个屠宰场、14个冷冻厂和9个加工厂）牛乳房采集、储存和加工过程中的卫生状况进行了评估。我们发现屠宰场的卫生水平低得令人无法接受。乳房在屠宰过程中因接触动物皮肤、不干净的工具和工作人员未洗的手而受到污染。将乳房储存在大容器中进行储存和运输不利于有效冷却。对深度冷冻乳房组织的细菌学分析显示，与屠宰后立即进行的类似分析相比，质量有所下降。大约80%的样本需氧菌计数为10⁵-10⁷，30%的样本每克含有10³-10⁵肠杆菌科细菌。加工前直接采集的冷冻样本与冷冻厂的计数相比，细菌数量几乎没有增加。
