Riege W H, Tomaszewski R, Lanto A, Metter E J
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1984 Jan-Feb;8(1):42-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05030.x.
Similarities and differences in performances on 18 verbal and nonverbal memory tasks were studied in young and old alcoholics and in young and old controls as test of hypotheses postulating that cognitive decrements from alcoholism either mimic "premature aging," are "age sensitive," or are "independent" from those of normal aging. Young and old alcoholics were matched in length and rate of heavy drinking and were also equated with their controls in age, education, and vocabulary. The multivariate memory and decision data, when converted to independent factor scores, separated alcoholic from control groups on a factor reflecting memory for auditorily presented information. This was independent from factor scores affected mainly by age, such as memory for visuospatial items or decision bias. Age and alcoholism produced overlapping but distinctly different profiles of memory impairments. Decrements in young alcoholics did not resemble those of aging nor did old alcoholics surpass old controls in any but one factor, so that neither the premature aging nor the age sensitivity hypothesis were invariably supported.
对年轻和年长的酗酒者以及年轻和年长的对照组在18项语言和非语言记忆任务上的表现异同进行了研究，以此来检验一些假设。这些假设认为，酗酒导致的认知衰退要么类似于“早衰”，要么“对年龄敏感”，要么与正常衰老导致的认知衰退“无关”。年轻和年长的酗酒者在酗酒时间长度和酗酒频率上相匹配，并且在年龄、教育程度和词汇量方面也与其对应的对照组相当。多元记忆和决策数据在转换为独立因子得分后，在一个反映对听觉呈现信息的记忆的因子上，将酗酒者组和对照组区分开来。这与主要受年龄影响的因子得分无关，比如对视觉空间项目的记忆或决策偏差。年龄和酗酒导致了重叠但明显不同的记忆损伤模式。年轻酗酒者的衰退与衰老者不同，年长酗酒者除了在一个因子上超过年长对照组外，在其他方面也未超过，因此早衰假设和年龄敏感假设都并非总是成立。
