Grant I, Adams K M, Reed R
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Jul;41(7):710-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790180080010.
Halstead-Reitan assessments were conducted with 71 male alcoholics sober for four weeks, 65 alcoholics sober for four years, and 68 nonalcoholics. Recently detoxified alcoholics showed learning and problem-solving difficulties, as did older persons in all groups. Aging, not alcoholism, was related to psychomotor slowing. There were no age-alcohol interactions for any neuropsychologic test. Time since last drink predicted neuropsychologic performance modestly, as did head injury, age, and education. Long-term sober alcoholics were indistinguishable from controls. Our results suggest that alcoholics abstinent one month suffer a subacute alcohol-related organic mental disorder that might resolve with prolonged abstinence, that the neuropsychologic findings in such alcoholics are more consistent with an "independent decrements" rather than "premature aging" hypothesis, and that neuromedical and other risk factors must be considered before permanent neuropsychologic deficit among alcoholics can be attributed solely to neurotoxic effects of alcohol.
对71名已戒酒四周的男性酗酒者、65名已戒酒四年的酗酒者和68名非酗酒者进行了霍尔斯特德-赖坦评估。近期戒酒的酗酒者表现出学习和解决问题方面的困难，所有组中的年长者亦是如此。与精神运动迟缓相关的是衰老，而非酗酒。对于任何神经心理学测试，均不存在年龄与酗酒的交互作用。距上次饮酒的时间对神经心理学表现有一定程度的预测作用，头部损伤、年龄和教育程度也有此作用。长期戒酒的酗酒者与对照组并无差异。我们的研究结果表明，戒酒一个月的酗酒者患有亚急性酒精相关器质性精神障碍，这种障碍可能会随着长期戒酒而缓解；此类酗酒者的神经心理学发现更符合“独立衰退”而非“早衰”假说；在将酗酒者永久性神经心理学缺陷 solely归因于酒精的神经毒性作用之前，必须考虑神经医学和其他风险因素。
