Markowitz R I
Yale J Biol Med. 1984 Jan-Feb;57(1):49-82.
The severely ill infant or child who requires admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) often presents with a complex set of problems necessitating multiple and frequent management decisions. Diagnostic imaging plays an important role, not only in the initial assessment of the patient's condition and establishing a diagnosis, but also in monitoring the patient's progress and the effects of interventional therapeutic measures. Bedside studies obtained using portable equipment are often limited but can provide much useful information when a careful and detailed approach is utilized in producing the radiograph and interpreting the examination. This article reviews some of the basic principles of radiographic interpretation and details some of the diagnostic points which, when promptly recognized, can lead to a better understanding of the patient's condition and thus to improved patient care and management. While chest radiography is stressed, studies of other regions including the upper airway, abdomen, skull, and extremities are discussed. A brief consideration of the expanding role of new modality imaging (i.e., ultrasound, CT) is also included. Multiple illustrative examples of common and uncommon problems are shown.
需要入住儿科重症监护病房（PICU）的重症婴幼儿通常存在一系列复杂问题，需要做出多次且频繁的管理决策。诊断成像不仅在对患者病情进行初始评估和确立诊断方面发挥着重要作用，而且在监测患者病情进展以及介入性治疗措施的效果方面也至关重要。使用便携式设备进行的床边检查往往存在局限性，但如果在拍摄X光片和解读检查结果时采用细致入微的方法，就能提供许多有用信息。本文回顾了X光片解读的一些基本原则，并详细阐述了一些诊断要点，一旦能迅速识别这些要点，就能更好地了解患者病情，从而改善患者护理和管理。本文着重介绍胸部X光检查，同时也讨论了包括上呼吸道、腹部、颅骨和四肢在内的其他部位的检查。此外，还简要探讨了新型成像方式（如超声、CT）日益扩大的作用。文中展示了常见和罕见问题的多个实例。
