Nielsen J R, Pedersen K E, Dahlstrøm C G, Nielsen B L, Secher B, Johansen T, Gram L F
Acta Med Scand. 1984;215(4):349-54.
In a randomized double-blind study with flexible dosage, morphine, nicomorphine and pethidine were compared with regard to analgetic effect, dose requirements, dose intervals and adverse reactions. A total of 275 patients were included, and 28 patients were excluded due to adverse reactions (n = 16) and for practical reasons, etc. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was diagnosed in about 60% of the patients, and about 30% had ischemic heart disease without AMI. All three analgesics provided equally efficient pain relief in relative doses of morphine 10, nicomorphine 10 and pethidine 75 mg/ml. Severe adverse reactions were few (allergy 3 cases, respiratory insufficiency 4, severe bradycardia 4), whereas nausea was recorded in 20-30%, vomiting in 5-15% and dizziness in 10-30% of the patients, with no difference between the three drugs. Significant blood pressure drop (greater than 30 mmHg) was seen in 3-8% of the patients, with no significant differences between the drugs.
在一项随机双盲、剂量灵活的研究中，对吗啡、尼可吗啡和哌替啶的镇痛效果、所需剂量、给药间隔及不良反应进行了比较。总共纳入了275例患者，另有28例患者因不良反应（n = 16）及实际原因等被排除。约60%的患者被诊断为急性心肌梗死（AMI），约30%患有无AMI的缺血性心脏病。在吗啡10、尼可吗啡10和哌替啶75mg/ml的相对剂量下，这三种镇痛药的止痛效果相同。严重不良反应较少（过敏3例、呼吸功能不全4例、严重心动过缓4例），而20 - 30%的患者出现恶心，5 - 15%的患者出现呕吐，10 - 30%的患者出现头晕，三种药物之间无差异。3 - 8%的患者出现显著血压下降（大于30mmHg），药物之间无显著差异。
