Reusch V M
Crit Rev Microbiol. 1984;11(2):129-55. doi: 10.3109/10408418409105475.
Several lines of evidence suggest that Gram-positive bacterial cell surface polymers are synthesized by stepwise addition of polymer subunits to an amphipathic acceptor. In the case of membrane-bound lipopolymers such as mannan and lipoteichoic acid, the finished product may be covalently linked to a lipid anchor. In the case of polymers that are transferred into preexisting cell wall, such as teichoic acid and peptidoglycan, two alternative fates might be possible: (1) transfer into wall with concomitant or later cleavage of the lipid anchor, with recycling of the lipid anchor or secretion of the lipid anchor into the growth medium, and (2) transfer into wall without cleavage of the lipid anchor, resulting in maintenance of the covalent relationship between lipid anchor and polymer chain. In the latter case, a close relationship should be established between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. A number of Gram-positive bacteria have been shown to be resistant to plasmolysis. Therefore, a model for the assembly of the Gram-positive cell wall is proposed which takes into account a role for lipopolymeric intermediates and which views the establishment of resistance to plasmolysis as the natural consequence of such a mechanism.
多条证据表明，革兰氏阳性菌的细胞表面聚合物是通过将聚合物亚基逐步添加到两亲性受体上而合成的。对于膜结合脂聚合物，如甘露聚糖和脂磷壁酸，最终产物可能与脂质锚共价连接。对于转移到预先存在的细胞壁中的聚合物，如磷壁酸和肽聚糖，可能有两种不同的结果：（1）转移到细胞壁中，同时或随后脂质锚被切割，脂质锚被循环利用或分泌到生长培养基中；（2）转移到细胞壁中但脂质锚未被切割，导致脂质锚与聚合物链之间保持共价关系。在后一种情况下，细胞壁与质膜之间应建立密切关系。已证明许多革兰氏阳性菌对质壁分离具有抗性。因此，提出了一种革兰氏阳性菌细胞壁组装模型，该模型考虑了脂聚合物中间体的作用，并将对质壁分离抗性的建立视为这种机制的自然结果。
