Melis A
J Cell Biochem. 1984;24(3):271-85. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240240308.
The light environment during plant growth determines the structural and functional properties of higher plant chloroplasts, thus revealing a dynamically regulated developmental system. Pisum sativum plants growing under intermittent illumination showed chloroplasts with fully functional photosystem (PS) II and PSI reaction centers that lacked the peripheral chlorophyll (Ch1) a/b and Ch1 a light-harvesting complexes (LHC), respectively. The results suggest a light flux differential threshold regulation in the biosynthesis of the photosystem core and peripheral antenna complexes. Sun-adapted species and plants growing under far-red-depleted illumination showed grana stacks composed of few (3-5) thylakoids connected with long intergrana (stroma) thylakoids. They had a PSII /PSI reaction center ratio in the range 1.3-1.9. Shade-adapted species and plants growing under far-red-enriched illumination showed large grana stacks composed of several thylakoids, often extending across the entire chloroplast body, and short intergrana stroma thylakoids. They had a higher PSII /PSI reaction center ratio, in the range of 2.2-4.0. Thus, the relative extent of grana and stroma thylakoid formation corresponds with the relative amounts of PSII and PSI in the chloroplast, respectively. The structural and functional adaptation of the photosynthetic membrane system in response to the quality of illumination involves mainly a control on the rate of PSII and PSI complex biosynthesis.
植物生长过程中的光照环境决定了高等植物叶绿体的结构和功能特性，从而揭示了一个动态调控的发育系统。在间歇光照下生长的豌豆植株，其叶绿体具有功能完备的光系统（PS）II和PSI反应中心，分别缺少外周叶绿素（Ch1）a/b和Ch1 a捕光复合体（LHC）。结果表明，在光系统核心和外周天线复合体的生物合成中存在光通量差异阈值调控。适应阳光的物种以及在远红光匮乏光照下生长的植物，其基粒堆叠由少数（三到五个〕类囊体组成，这些类囊体通过长的基粒间（基质）类囊体相连。它们的PSII/PSI反应中心比率在1.3至1.9之间。适应阴蔽的物种以及在远红光丰富光照下生长的植物，其基粒堆叠较大，由几个类囊体组成，常常延伸穿过整个叶绿体，基粒间基质类囊体较短。它们具有更高的PSII/PSI反应中心比率，在2.2至4.0之间。因此，基粒类囊体和基质类囊体形成的相对程度分别与叶绿体中PSII和PSI的相对含量相对应。光合膜系统响应光照质量的结构和功能适应主要涉及对PSII和PSI复合体生物合成速率的控制。
