Kudo H, Oki Y
Vet Res Commun. 1984 May;8(2):77-91. doi: 10.1007/BF02214700.
In a study of the possible introduction of Japanese field vole (Microtus montebelli ) and Hungarian voles (M. arvalis) as herbivorous experimental animals, the following biological characteristics were investigated: breeding and reproductive performance; bacterial flora and fermentation in the digestive tracts; and nutritional physiology. The animals are polyestrus , show postpartum estrus on the day of parturition, and there is little or no delay in implantation due to lactation, especially in M. arvalis. On examination of vaginal smears, Japanese field vole did not show any definite pattern, whereas most Hungarian voles showed 6- to 18- day cycles. From the esophageal sac of voles fed rations with a high fiber content, cellulolytic bacteria similar to Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens , and Bacteroides succinogenes were isolated. More than 1 000 000/g anaerobic bacteria were present in the esophageal sac and the pattern and the types of bacteria resembled those found in the rumen. Gastric fermentation took place in the esophageal sac. The pH and total VFAs were much smaller in the fundic and pyloric regions of the stomach than in the esophageal sac. Acetic and lactic acids were the major fermentation products in the esophageal sac. Following deficiency or lowering of the cellulose decomposing abilities, a decrease of VFAs and an increase in lactic acid production in the esophageal sac were observed. These effects resulted in high glucose, FFA and ketone bodies in the blood, and a higher incidence of glucosuria. Diabetes induced by administrations of drugs such as alloxan, streptozotocin and phloridzin were compared using Microtus and mice. Microtus had low sensitivity to alloxan but high sensitivity to streptozotocin. The influence of monensin on Microtus was also investigated by using diets containing 20 and 80 mg/kg monensin. Diets containing 80 mg/kg monensin led to 50 % mortality in 7 weeks and growth was hindered. Gas production from the esophageal sac contents of voles in the monensin-medicated group was much smaller than that of the non-medicated group. In the monensin group the total VFA concentrations of the esophageal sac contents was decreased.
在一项关于引入日本田鼠（蒙氏田鼠）和匈牙利田鼠作为草食性实验动物的可能性研究中，对以下生物学特性进行了调查：繁殖和生殖性能；消化道中的细菌菌群和发酵情况；以及营养生理学。这些动物为多周期发情，在分娩当天即出现产后发情，并且由于哺乳导致的着床延迟很少或没有，尤其是匈牙利田鼠。检查阴道涂片时，日本田鼠未显示出任何明确的模式，而大多数匈牙利田鼠的发情周期为6至18天。从喂食高纤维含量日粮的田鼠食管囊中，分离出了与白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸拟杆菌相似的纤维素分解菌。食管囊中存在超过1000000/g的厌氧菌，其细菌模式和类型与瘤胃中的相似。胃发酵在食管囊中发生。胃底和幽门区域的pH值和总挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）比食管囊中的要小得多。乙酸和乳酸是食管囊中主要的发酵产物。在纤维素分解能力缺乏或降低后，观察到食管囊中VFA减少，乳酸产生增加。这些影响导致血液中葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸和酮体含量升高，以及糖尿发病率更高。使用田鼠和小鼠比较了用四氧嘧啶、链脲佐菌素和根皮苷等药物诱导糖尿病的情况。田鼠对四氧嘧啶敏感性低，但对链脲佐菌素敏感性高。还通过使用含有20和80mg/kg莫能菌素的日粮研究了莫能菌素对田鼠的影响。含有80mg/kg莫能菌素的日粮在7周内导致50%的死亡率，并且生长受到阻碍。莫能菌素给药组田鼠食管囊内容物的产气量比未给药组小得多。在莫能菌素组中，食管囊内容物的总VFA浓度降低。
