Sullivan J M, Ratts T E, Reed S W, Banna A, Riddle J C, Jordan C
Am J Med Sci. 1984 Sep;288(2):65-73. doi: 10.1097/00000441-198409000-00004.
To assess mechanisms associated with the pressor effects of a high sodium diet in susceptible individuals, the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of sodium depletion and repletion were studied in 33 normal subjects and 30 subjects with borderline hypertension. The hypertensive group had significantly higher mean arterial pressure, weight, hematocrit, and upright plasma renin activity. Forearm hemodynamics were measured during periods of ad lib diet, 10 mEq, and 200 mEq sodium diet. The fall in forearm resistance during reactive hyperemia was inversely related to mean arterial pressure at rest (R = .400, p less than .005) and rose significantly in hypertensive subjects during salt depletion, 39 +/- 3.6 to 61 +/- 6.1 mmHg/ml/min/100 g (p less than .05). Sodium sensitivity in either normotensive or borderline hypertensive subjects was defined as an increase in mean blood pressure of more than 5% when sodium repleted. The individuals who were sodium sensitive had a higher forearm vascular resistance during sodium depletion than those who were sodium resistant, 67 +/- 10.5 versus 45 +/- 4.1 mm/ml/min/100 g (p less than .03). We conclude that young individuals with borderline hypertension already have alterations in vascular reactivity. This trait is shared by normotensive individuals whose blood pressure rises in response to sodium.
为了评估高钠饮食对易感个体升压作用的相关机制，我们对33名正常受试者和30名临界高血压受试者进行了钠耗竭和补充的血流动力学及激素效应研究。高血压组的平均动脉压、体重、血细胞比容和立位血浆肾素活性显著更高。在自由饮食、10 mEq和200 mEq钠饮食期间测量前臂血流动力学。反应性充血期间前臂阻力的下降与静息时的平均动脉压呈负相关（R = 0.400，p < 0.005），并且在盐耗竭期间高血压受试者的前臂阻力显著升高，从39±3.6 mmHg/ml/min/100 g升至61±6.1 mmHg/ml/min/100 g（p < 0.05）。正常血压或临界高血压受试者的钠敏感性定义为钠补充时平均血压升高超过5%。钠敏感个体在钠耗竭期间的前臂血管阻力高于钠抵抗个体，分别为67±10.5与45±4.1 mm/ml/min/100 g（p < 0.03）。我们得出结论，临界高血压的年轻个体已经存在血管反应性改变。这种特征在血压因钠而升高的正常血压个体中也有体现。
